Search results for "mass [charm]"

Are fast radio bursts the most likely electromagnetic counterpart of neutron star mergers resulting in prompt collapse?

2018

Inspiraling and merging binary neutron stars (BNSs) are important sources of both gravitational waves and coincident electromagnetic counterparts. If the BNS total mass is larger than a threshold value, a black hole ensues promptly after merger. Through a statistical study in conjunction with recent LIGO/Virgo constraints on the nuclear equation of state, we estimate that up to $\sim 25\%$ of BNS mergers may result in prompt collapse. Moreover, we find that most models of the BNS mass function we study here predict that the majority of prompt-collapse BNS mergers have $q\gtrsim 0.8$. Prompt-collapse BNS mergers with mass ratio $q \gtrsim 0.8$ may not be accompanied by detectable kilonovae o…

Neutrino mass hierarchy extraction using atmospheric neutrinos in ice

2008

We show that the measurements of 10 GeV atmospheric neutrinos by an upcoming array of densely packed phototubes buried deep inside the IceCube detector at the South Pole can be used to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy for values of sin^2(2theta13) close to the present bound, if the hierarchy is normal. These results are obtained for an exposure of 100 Mton years and systematic uncertainties up to 10%.

Accretion disks around binary black holes of unequal mass: General relativistic MHD simulations of postdecoupling and merger

2014

We report results from simulations in general relativity of magnetized disks accreting onto merging black hole binaries, starting from relaxed disk initial data. The simulations feature an effective, rapid radiative cooling scheme as a limiting case of future treatments with radiative transfer. Here we evolve the systems after binary-disk decoupling through inspiral and merger, and analyze the dependence on the binary mass ratio with $q\ensuremath{\equiv}{m}_{\text{bh}}/{M}_{\mathrm{BH}}=1,1/2$, and $1/4$. We find that the luminosity associated with local cooling is larger than the luminosity associated with matter kinetic outflows, while the electromagnetic (Poynting) luminosity associated…

Measurement of the cosmic ray composition at the knee with the SPASE-2/AMANDA-B10 detectors

2004

The mass composition of high-energy cosmic rays at energies above 1015 eV can provide crucial information for the understanding of their origin. Air showers were measured simultaneously with the SPASE-2 air shower array and the AMANDA-B10 Cherenkov telescope at the South Pole. This combination has the advantage to sample almost all high-energy shower muons and is thus a new approach to the determination of the cosmic ray composition. The change in the cosmic ray mass composition was measured versus existing data from direct measurements at low energies. Our data show an increase of the mean log atomic mass 〈lnA〉 by about 0.8 between 500 TeV and 5 PeV. This trend of an increasing mass throug…

On vibrating thin membranes with mass concentrated near the boundary: an asymptotic analysis

2018

We consider the spectral problem \begin{equation*} \left\{\begin{array}{ll} -\Delta u_{\varepsilon}=\lambda(\varepsilon)\rho_{\varepsilon}u_{\varepsilon} & {\rm in}\ \Omega\\ \frac{\partial u_{\varepsilon}}{\partial\nu}=0 & {\rm on}\ \partial\Omega \end{array}\right. \end{equation*} in a smooth bounded domain $\Omega$ of $\mathbb R^2$. The factor $\rho_{\varepsilon}$ which appears in the first equation plays the role of a mass density and it is equal to a constant of order $\varepsilon^{-1}$ in an $\varepsilon$-neighborhood of the boundary and to a constant of order $\varepsilon$ in the rest of $\Omega$. We study the asymptotic behavior of the eigenvalues $\lambda(\varepsilon)$ and the eige…

La capacidad de atención y el consumo transmedia

2015

Los relatos audiovisuales se encuentran inmersos en un profundo proceso de transformación. Las fórmulas narrativas convencionales se enfrentan al desafío (oportunidad) de lo transmediático. El presente artículo explora algunas claves de esta situación desde la perspectiva de la producción de contenidos, en un contexto de saturación comunicativa. El usuario de la comunicación dispone de un recurso muy escaso: su capacidad de atención. Lo audiovisual deberá afrontar esta dificultad a la hora de reinventarse. En un momento de abundancia de contenidos y de escaso tiempo para consumirlos, captar la atención del usuario será crucial para asegurar el éxito de una producción. Audio-visual transmedi…

Single particle characterization of black carbon aerosols at a tropospheric alpine site in Switzerland

2010

The refractory black carbon (rBC) mass, size distribution (190–720 nm) and mixing state in sub-micron aerosols were characterized from late February to March 2007 using a single particle incandescence method at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch (JFJ), Switzerland (46.33° N, 7.59° E, 3580 m a.s.l.). JFJ is a ground based location, which is at times exposed to continental free tropospheric air. A median mass absorption coefficient (MAC) of 10.2±3.2 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> at λ=630 nm was derived by comparing single particle incandescence measurements of black carbon mass with continuous measurements of absorption coefficient. This…

The AeroCom evaluation and intercomparison of organic aerosol in global models

2014

This paper evaluates the current status of global modeling of the organic aerosol (OA) in the troposphere and analyzes the differences between models as well as between models and observations. Thirty-one global chemistry transport models (CTMs) and general circulation models (GCMs) have participated in this intercomparison, in the framework of AeroCom phase II. The simulation of OA varies greatly between models in terms of the magnitude of primary emissions, secondary OA (SOA) formation, the number of OA species used (2 to 62), the complexity of OA parameterizations (gas-particle partitioning, chemical aging, multiphase chemistry, aerosol microphysics), and the OA physical, chemical and op…

Influx of African biomass burning aerosol during the Amazonian dry season through layered transatlantic transport of black carbon-rich smoke

2020

Black carbon (BC) aerosols influence the Earth's atmosphere and climate, but their microphysical properties, spatiotemporal distribution, and long-range transport are not well constrained. This study presents airborne observations of the transatlantic transport of BC-rich African biomass burning (BB) smoke into the Amazon Basin using a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) as well as several complementary techniques. We base our results on observations of aerosols and trace gases off the Brazilian coast onboard the HALO (High Altitude and LOng range) research aircraft during the ACRIDICON-CHUVA campaign in September 2014. During flight AC19 over land and ocean at the northeastern coastline …

2011

Abstract. The detection of primary biological material in submicron aerosol by means of thermal desorption/electron impact ionization aerosol mass spectrometry was investigated. Mass spectra of amino acids, carbohydrates, small peptides, and proteins, all of which are key building blocks of biological particles, were recorded in laboratory experiments. Several characteristic marker fragments were identified. The intensity of the marker signals relative to the total organic mass spectrum allows for an estimation of the content of primary biological material in ambient organic aerosol. The developed method was applied to mass spectra recorded during AMAZE-08, a field campaign conducted in the…